What is Ergonomics?
The word ergonomics comes from the Greek words ERGOS (work) and NOMOS
(natural law/system). It is the application of scientific knowledge
to the workplace in order to improve the well being and efficiency
of both the individual and the organization. (National Research Council
of Canada)
Repetitive Strain Injuries
What is a Repetitive
Strain Injury?
An RSI is an injury caused by overusing
muscles and bones - the musculoskeletal system - through repeated
movement that stresses the system. Other names for RSI type injuries
include Cumulative Trauma Disorder and Repetitive Motion Injury.
What causes
RSIs?
RSIs are associated with a number of
conditions.
These include:
- Rapid repetitive movements.
- Lack of job variation.
- Inadequate rest breaks.
- Awkward work positions.
- Poor tool and equipment design.
- An increase in workload and or/hours.
- Improper use of equipment.
- Monitoring work rates by machine.
- Returning too quickly to repetitive work after
extended holidays or illness.
- Compulsory overtime.
- Vibration.
- Forceful or awkward grip.
- Excessive force.
- Changes in the work process.
- Lack of control over work.
- Cold.
Repetitive
Strain Injuries
Symptoms of RSIs
The symptoms of an RSI injury may range from a “slight sense
of discomfort” to “extreme pain”. The symptoms may
appear long after performing the activity and the first signs may
be subtle and mild.
They include:
- Pain, dull ache.
- Loss of sensation (numbness), especially at night.
- Aches/pains which may be worse at night.
- Tingling and burning sensations.
- Swelling around the wrist/hand.
- Dry shiny palm.
- Pins and needles discomfort.
- Clumsiness (loss of ability to grasp items, impaired
thumb and finger dexterity).
- Muscle weakness and fatigue.
- Muscle spasm.
- Joint restriction/loss of movement.
- A ‘crackling’ feeling when swollen tendons
are pressed tightly.
- A cyst-like swelling or node near a tendon or joint
known as a ganglion.
Repetitive Strain Injuries
Stages of Pain
Early:
The body aches and individuals feel tired at work, but symptoms disappear
during time away from work. The injury does not interfere with the
ability to work. The injury will heal completely if dealt with properly
at this early stage.
Intermediate:
The injured area aches and feels weak soon after the start of work,
until well after work has ended. The injury will completely heal if
dealt with properly.
Advanced:
The injured area aches and feels weak, even at rest. Sleep is affected.
Even light duties are very difficult.
Risk Factors
There are factors at work which have an association to RSIs and may
trigger the process. Risk factors create conditions conducive to the
onset of RSIs. They directly or indirectly influence RSIs and are
linked to the physiological process of the disorder.
- Psychological
- Cognitive
- Psychosocial
- Organizational
- Force
A. Striking keys too hard
B. Grasping too hard
C. Resting on sharp edge
- Posture
A. Awkward or twisting position
B. Same posture for long time
- Reaching for equipment & material
- Static loading
- Frequency / Duration
A. No Breaks
B. Repetitive Movements
- Environmental
A. Noise
B. Temperature
C. Humidity
D. Lighting
- PhysicalRisk Factors
Physical
Force