What is Ergonomics?
The word ergonomics comes from the Greek words ERGOS (work) and NOMOS (natural law/system). It is the application of scientific knowledge to the workplace in order to improve the well being and efficiency of both the individual and the organization. (National Research Council of Canada
)

Repetitive Strain Injuries
What is a Repetitive Strain Injury?
An RSI is an injury caused by overusing muscles and bones - the musculoskeletal system - through repeated movement that stresses the system. Other names for RSI type injuries include Cumulative Trauma Disorder and Repetitive Motion Injury.

What causes RSIs?
RSIs are associated with a number of conditions.
These include:

  • Rapid repetitive movements.
  • Lack of job variation.
  • Inadequate rest breaks.
  • Awkward work positions.
  • Poor tool and equipment design.
  • An increase in workload and or/hours.
  • Improper use of equipment.
  • Monitoring work rates by machine.
  • Returning too quickly to repetitive work after extended holidays or illness.
  • Compulsory overtime.
  • Vibration.
  • Forceful or awkward grip.
  • Excessive force.
  • Changes in the work process.
  • Lack of control over work.
  • Cold.

Repetitive Strain Injuries
Symptoms of RSIs
The symptoms of an RSI injury may range from a “slight sense of discomfort” to “extreme pain”. The symptoms may appear long after performing the activity and the first signs may be subtle and mild.
They include:

  • Pain, dull ache.
  • Loss of sensation (numbness), especially at night.
  • Aches/pains which may be worse at night.
  • Tingling and burning sensations.
  • Swelling around the wrist/hand.
  • Dry shiny palm.
  • Pins and needles discomfort.
  • Clumsiness (loss of ability to grasp items, impaired thumb and finger dexterity).
  • Muscle weakness and fatigue.
  • Muscle spasm.
  • Joint restriction/loss of movement.
  • A ‘crackling’ feeling when swollen tendons are pressed tightly.
  • A cyst-like swelling or node near a tendon or joint known as a ganglion.
Repetitive Strain Injuries
Stages of Pain
Early:
The body aches and individuals feel tired at work, but symptoms disappear during time away from work. The injury does not interfere with the ability to work. The injury will heal completely if dealt with properly at this early stage.
Intermediate:
The injured area aches and feels weak soon after the start of work, until well after work has ended. The injury will completely heal if dealt with properly.
Advanced:
The injured area aches and feels weak, even at rest. Sleep is affected. Even light duties are very difficult.
Risk Factors
There are factors at work which have an association to RSIs and may trigger the process. Risk factors create conditions conducive to the onset of RSIs. They directly or indirectly influence RSIs and are linked to the physiological process of the disorder.
  • Psychological
  • Cognitive
  • Psychosocial
  • Organizational
  • Force
    A. Striking keys too hard
    B. Grasping too hard
    C. Resting on sharp edge
  • Posture
    A. Awkward or twisting position
    B. Same posture for long time
  • Reaching for equipment & material
  • Static loading
  • Frequency / Duration
    A. No Breaks
    B. Repetitive Movements
  • Environmental
    A. Noise
    B. Temperature
    C. Humidity
    D. Lighting
  • PhysicalRisk Factors
    Physical
    Force
 
 
 
 

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